Viral envelope

Definition

A viral envelope is a lipid bilayer that surrounds the capsid of some viruses, derived from portions of the host cell membranes. It often contains viral glycoproteins essential for infecting host cells.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The viral envelope is acquired from the host cell's membrane during viral replication or release.
2. Enveloped viruses are generally more sensitive to environmental conditions such as detergents and desiccation compared to non-enveloped viruses.
3. Viral envelopes contain glycoproteins that play key roles in binding to host cell receptors and facilitating entry into the host cell.
4. Common examples of enveloped viruses include Influenza virus, HIV, and Herpes simplex virus.
5. Loss or damage to the envelope can render the virus non-infectious.

Review Questions

• What is a viral envelope and how is it formed?
• Why are enveloped viruses typically more sensitive to environmental conditions?
• Name three examples of enveloped viruses.

Related terms

Capsid:

The protein shell that encloses the genetic material of a virus.

Glycoprotein: Proteins with carbohydrate groups attached, often found on the surface of enveloped viruses and involved in receptor binding.

Host Cell Membrane: The biological membrane surrounding a host cell, from which some viruses derive their envelopes.