Urinary tract infections

Definition

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are infections that affect any part of the urinary system, including the urethra, bladder, ureters, and kidneys. They are commonly caused by bacteria such as Escherichia coli.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Bacteria like Escherichia coli are a primary cause of UTIs due to their ability to adhere to the lining of the urinary tract.
2. UTIs can be classified as lower UTIs (cystitis) or upper UTIs (pyelonephritis), with upper UTIs being more severe.
3. Woman are at higher risk for UTIs due to anatomical differences that make it easier for bacteria to enter the urinary tract.
4. Common symptoms include frequent urination, pain or burning during urination, and cloudy or strong-smelling urine.
5. The normal microbiota of the urogenital tract can help prevent infections by outcompeting pathogenic bacteria.

Review Questions

• What type of bacteria is most commonly responsible for causing UTIs?
• What is the difference between a lower UTI and an upper UTI?
• Why are women generally at higher risk for developing UTIs compared to men?

Related terms

Cystitis: An infection of the bladder, usually classified as a lower UTI.

Pyelonephritis: An infection of the kidneys, considered an upper UTI and more severe than cystitis.

Escherichia coli: A common bacterium found in the intestines that is often responsible for causing urinary tract infections.