Tongue

Definition

The tongue is a muscular organ in the mouth responsible for taste, food manipulation, and swallowing. It plays a crucial role in speech and maintaining oral health.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The tongue hosts various normal microbiota, including species of Streptococcus and Lactobacillus.
2. It is covered with papillae that contain taste buds, which are essential for detecting different flavors.
3. Salivary enzymes like amylase and lipase begin the digestion process on the tongue's surface.
4. The dorsum (upper surface) of the tongue can harbor pathogenic bacteria if proper oral hygiene is not maintained.
5. Certain systemic infections, such as candidiasis, can manifest visibly on the tongue.

Review Questions

• What types of microorganisms are commonly found on the tongue?
• How does the tongue contribute to the initial stages of digestion?
• What visible signs might indicate an infection on the tongue?

Related terms

Papillae: Small projections on the tongue that contain taste buds.

Microbiota: Communities of microorganisms living in a particular environment, such as the mouth.

Candidiasis: A fungal infection caused by Candida species, often appearing as white patches on the tongue.