Toll-like receptors (TLRs)

Definition

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that play a critical role in the innate immune system by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). They activate immune cell responses to fight off infections.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. TLRs are located on the cell surface and within endosomal compartments.
2. They recognize specific components of pathogens such as lipopolysaccharides, flagellin, and nucleic acids.
3. Activation of TLRs leads to the production of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators.
4. There are at least 10 different TLRs identified in humans, each with distinct ligands.
5. TLR signaling pathways involve key adaptor proteins like MyD88 and TRIF.

Related terms

Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs): Molecular structures recognized by TLRs and other pattern recognition receptors.

Cytokines:

Small proteins released by cells that have a specific effect on interactions and communications between cells.

Phagocytosis:

The process by which certain living cells called phagocytes ingest or engulf other cells or particles.