Telomerase

Definition

Telomerase is an enzyme that adds repetitive nucleotide sequences to the ends of chromosomes, called telomeres. This helps protect genetic information during DNA replication.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Telomerase is most active in stem cells and germ cells but has low activity in most somatic cells.
2. The enzyme uses an RNA template to extend the telomeres, which prevents chromosome degradation.
3. Telomerase activity is crucial for maintaining chromosomal stability and integrity.
4. Dysregulation of telomerase can lead to cancerous growth due to unchecked cell division.
5. Inhibition of telomerase is a potential target for cancer therapy.

Review Questions

• What role does telomerase play in DNA replication?
• Why is telomerase activity low in most somatic cells?
• How could dysregulation of telomerase contribute to cancer development?

Related terms

Telomere: The protective cap at the end of a chromosome, composed of repetitive nucleotide sequences.

Reverse Transcriptase: An enzyme that synthesizes DNA from an RNA template.

DNA Polymerase: An enzyme involved in DNA replication that synthesizes new strands by adding nucleotides to a pre-existing chain.