Superoxide dismutase

Definition

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of superoxide radicals into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. It plays a crucial role in protecting cells from oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Superoxide dismutase is essential for aerobic microorganisms to survive in oxygen-rich environments.
2. SOD helps prevent oxidative stress by neutralizing superoxide radicals, which can damage cellular components.
3. Different types of SOD exist, including copper-zinc SOD, manganese SOD, and iron SOD, depending on the metal cofactor involved.
4. The presence of SOD indicates an organism's ability to tolerate or thrive in the presence of oxygen.
5. Mutations or deficiencies in SOD can lead to increased susceptibility to oxidative stress and related diseases.

Review Questions

• What is the primary function of superoxide dismutase in microbial cells?
• How does superoxide dismutase contribute to an organism's ability to survive in oxygen-rich environments?
• Name at least two types of superoxide dismutase based on their metal cofactors.

Related terms

Catalase: An enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, often working alongside SOD.

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS): Highly reactive molecules containing oxygen that can cause cellular damage.

Oxidative Stress: A condition resulting from an imbalance between ROS production and antioxidant defenses like SOD.