Supercritical fluids

Definition

Supercritical fluids are substances at a temperature and pressure above their critical point, where they exhibit unique properties of both liquids and gases. They are used in various applications, including the sterilization of medical and laboratory equipment.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Supercritical carbon dioxide is commonly used for sterilization due to its non-toxic nature.
2. Supercritical fluids can penetrate microbial cells more effectively than liquids or gases alone.
3. The use of supercritical fluids allows for the sterilization of heat-sensitive materials without damaging them.
4. Microbial inactivation by supercritical fluids involves disrupting cell membranes and denaturing proteins.
5. Adjusting temperature and pressure conditions can optimize the effectiveness of supercritical fluid sterilization.

Review Questions

• What unique properties do supercritical fluids exhibit that make them effective for sterilization?
• Why is supercritical carbon dioxide preferred for sterilizing heat-sensitive materials?
• How do supercritical fluids inactivate microorganisms?

Related terms

Critical Point: The specific temperature and pressure at which a substance becomes a supercritical fluid.

Sterilization:

The process of eliminating all forms of microbial life from an object or surface.

Denaturation:

A structural change in proteins that results in the loss of their biological function.