Streptococcus

Definition

Streptococcus is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria that often occur in chains or pairs. They are known for causing a variety of infections in humans, ranging from mild throat infections to life-threatening diseases.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Streptococcus species are classified into groups based on their hemolytic properties and serological characteristics.
2. Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is responsible for strep throat, scarlet fever, and rheumatic fever.
3. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) can cause severe infections in newborns, such as meningitis and sepsis.
4. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of bacterial pneumonia and meningitis in adults.
5. Many Streptococcus species are part of the normal microbiota of the human skin, respiratory tract, and digestive system.

Review Questions

Related terms

Hemolysis:

The breakdown of red blood cells; used to classify Streptococci.

Gram-Positive Bacteria: Bacteria that have a thick peptidoglycan cell wall which retains the crystal violet stain during the Gram staining process.

Normal Microbiota: The community of microorganisms that reside on or within various parts of the body without causing disease.