Staphylolysins are exotoxins produced by staphylococcal bacteria that lyse red blood cells and other cell types. They play a significant role in the pathogenicity of staphylococcal infections by damaging host tissues.
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Staphylolysins contribute to the virulence of Staphylococcus aureus by destroying host cells, including red blood cells.
There are different types of staphylolysins, such as alpha-toxin and beta-toxin, each with specific mechanisms of action.
Alpha-toxin forms pores in cell membranes leading to cell lysis and death.
Beta-toxin exhibits sphingomyelinase activity, breaking down sphingomyelin in the host's cell membranes.
Staphylolysins can trigger an immune response that exacerbates tissue damage during infection.
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Related terms
Exotoxin: A toxin released by bacteria into the surrounding environment.
Sphingomyelinase: An enzyme that breaks down sphingomyelin, a component of cell membranes.
Virulence Factor: A molecule produced by pathogens that contributes to the pathogenicity or severity of an infection.