Spinal cord

Definition

The spinal cord is a long, cylindrical structure made of nervous tissue that extends from the brainstem down through the vertebral column. It transmits neural signals between the brain and the rest of the body and plays a crucial role in reflex actions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The spinal cord is part of the central nervous system (CNS) and is protected by the vertebral column.
2. It contains both white matter (myelinated axons) and gray matter (neuronal cell bodies).
3. The meninges, three protective membranes, surround the spinal cord: dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.
4. Common infections affecting the spinal cord include meningitis and poliomyelitis.
5. Spinal cord infections can lead to severe neurological deficits or paralysis if not treated promptly.

Review Questions

• What are the primary functions of the spinal cord?
• Name the three protective membranes surrounding the spinal cord.
• Which types of infections commonly affect the spinal cord?

Related terms

Central Nervous System (CNS): Consists of the brain and spinal cord.

Meninges:

Three layers of protective tissue called dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater that encase the brain and spinal cord.

Poliomyelitis:

A viral infection that can affect nerves and can lead to partial or full paralysis.