Shingles, also known as herpes zoster, is a viral infection caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), which also causes chickenpox. It is characterized by a painful rash that typically appears on one side of the body or face.
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Shingles occurs when the dormant varicella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivates in the host's nerve tissues.
The virus can be transmitted from an individual with shingles to someone who has never had chickenpox or been vaccinated against it, potentially causing chickenpox in that person.
Common symptoms include pain, burning, numbness or tingling, and a red rash that develops into fluid-filled blisters.
Antiviral medications like acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir are commonly used to treat shingles and reduce its severity and duration.
Complications from shingles can include postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), which is severe pain in the areas where the rash occurred even after it has healed.
Review Questions
What virus causes shingles and what other disease is this virus responsible for?
How can shingles be transmitted to another person?
Name two antiviral medications used to treat shingles.
Related terms
Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV): A virus belonging to the herpesvirus family that causes both chickenpox and shingles.
Postherpetic Neuralgia (PHN): A complication of shingles characterized by long-lasting pain in the area where the rash appeared.