🦠microbiology review

Rubella

Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025

Definition

Rubella is a contagious viral infection characterized by a red rash and mild fever. It is caused by the rubella virus and can have serious consequences if contracted during pregnancy.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

  1. Rubella is transmitted via respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
  2. The incubation period for rubella is typically 14 to 21 days.
  3. Rubella can cause congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in newborns if the mother contracts the virus during pregnancy, leading to severe birth defects.
  4. Diagnosis of rubella often involves serological tests such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect rubella-specific IgM antibodies.
  5. The MMR vaccine (measles, mumps, and rubella) is highly effective in preventing rubella.

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