Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)

Definition

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) is a technique that exploits variations in homologous DNA sequences. It is used to differentiate between organisms or individuals based on the unique patterns of restriction enzyme-digested DNA fragments.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. RFLP analysis involves cutting DNA with specific restriction enzymes and separating the resulting fragments by gel electrophoresis.
2. The differences in fragment lengths are due to variations in DNA sequences, such as mutations or genetic recombination.
3. RFLP can be used for genetic mapping, paternity testing, and forensic analysis.
4. Southern blotting is often used in conjunction with RFLP to transfer DNA from a gel to a membrane for hybridization with labeled probes.
5. The technique has largely been replaced by more advanced methods like PCR-based techniques but remains foundational in understanding molecular genetics.

Review Questions

• What role do restriction enzymes play in RFLP analysis?
• How can RFLP be used in forensic investigations?
• Why might Southern blotting be employed alongside RFLP?

Related terms

Gel Electrophoresis:

A method for separation and analysis of macromolecules (DNA, RNA, proteins) based on size and charge.

Southern Blotting:

A method used to transfer DNA from an agarose gel onto a membrane for detection using hybridization probes.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR):

A technique used to amplify specific segments of DNA rapidly and precisely.