Respiratory burst

Definition

Respiratory burst is a rapid release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from different types of cells, especially phagocytes, upon encountering pathogens. It plays a crucial role in the innate immune response by helping to destroy engulfed pathogens.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Respiratory burst primarily involves the production of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide.
2. NADPH oxidase is the enzyme complex responsible for initiating respiratory burst.
3. It occurs in neutrophils and macrophages during phagocytosis.
4. The ROS generated during respiratory burst can damage microbial membranes, proteins, and DNA.
5. Defects in the respiratory burst mechanism can lead to chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), making individuals more susceptible to infections.

Related terms

Phagocytosis:

The process by which cells engulf and digest microorganisms and cellular debris.

Neutrophil: A type of white blood cell that engulfs invading microbes and contributes to the defense against infection.

NADPH Oxidase:

An enzyme complex found in phagocytes that produces superoxide anions during respiratory burst.