Replication

Definition

Replication is the process by which a cell makes an exact copy of its DNA. It is a critical mechanism that ensures genetic information is accurately transmitted to daughter cells during cell division.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Replication occurs in the S phase of the cell cycle.
2. The enzyme DNA polymerase plays a key role in adding nucleotides to the growing DNA strand.
3. Replication begins at specific locations called origins of replication.
4. The leading strand is synthesized continuously, whereas the lagging strand is synthesized in short fragments known as Okazaki fragments.
5. DNA ligase joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand to create a continuous DNA molecule.

Review Questions

• What is the role of DNA polymerase in replication?
• How do leading and lagging strands differ during DNA replication?
• What are Okazaki fragments and how are they joined together?

Related terms

DNA Polymerase:

An enzyme that synthesizes new strands of DNA using an existing strand as a template.

Origin of Replication:

Specific sequence in the genome where DNA replication begins.

Okazaki Fragments:

Short sequences of DNA nucleotides synthesized discontinuously on the lagging strand during replication.