Reactive oxygen species (ROS)

Definition

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are chemically reactive molecules containing oxygen. They play a significant role in cell signaling and homeostasis but can also cause cellular damage when present in excess.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. ROS include free radicals like superoxide anion (O2-) and non-radicals like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
2. High levels of ROS can damage cellular components such as lipids, proteins, and DNA.
3. Certain antimicrobial drugs induce the production of ROS to kill or inhibit microbial cells.
4. Microorganisms have evolved mechanisms to detoxify ROS, such as enzymes like catalase and superoxide dismutase.
5. The balance between ROS production and elimination is crucial for maintaining cellular health.

Review Questions

• What are Reactive Oxygen Species and what role do they play in cells?
• How do antimicrobial drugs utilize ROS to combat microbial infections?
• What mechanisms do microorganisms use to neutralize the effects of ROS?

Related terms

Free Radicals: Highly reactive atoms or molecules with unpaired electrons.

Oxidative Stress: A condition resulting from an imbalance between ROS production and antioxidant defenses.

Antioxidants: Molecules that can neutralize ROS, preventing cellular damage.