R group

Definition

An R group, also known as a side chain, is a variable group attached to the central carbon atom in amino acids. It determines the chemical properties and reactivity of the amino acid.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. R groups can be polar, non-polar, acidic, or basic, influencing protein structure and function.
2. The nature of an amino acid's R group affects how it interacts with other molecules in biochemical processes.
3. R groups play a crucial role in the folding and stability of proteins by contributing to hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and ionic interactions.
4. In enzymes, specific R groups at active sites are essential for catalytic activity and substrate specificity.
5. Mutations that change the R group of an amino acid can significantly alter protein function and are often associated with diseases.

Review Questions

• What role do R groups play in determining the properties of amino acids?
• How do different types of R groups (polar, non-polar, acidic, basic) affect protein structure?
• Why are R groups important for enzyme function?

Related terms

Amino Acid: Organic molecules that serve as the building blocks of proteins.

Peptide Bond: A covalent bond linking two consecutive amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Denaturation: A process where proteins lose their structure and function due to external stress or compounds.