Proofreading is the process by which DNA polymerase checks and corrects errors during DNA replication. It ensures the fidelity of genetic information by excising incorrectly paired bases.
5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test
DNA polymerase has an intrinsic proofreading activity with a 3' to 5' exonuclease function.
Proofreading significantly reduces the mutation rate during DNA replication.
Errors not corrected by proofreading can lead to mutations, which may affect microbial genetics.
Proofreading complements other mechanisms like mismatch repair to maintain genomic integrity.
Mutations that impair proofreading ability of DNA polymerase can lead to increased susceptibility to genetic diseases.