Proofreading

Definition

Proofreading is the process by which DNA polymerase checks and corrects errors during DNA replication. It ensures the fidelity of genetic information by excising incorrectly paired bases.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. DNA polymerase has an intrinsic proofreading activity with a 3' to 5' exonuclease function.
2. Proofreading significantly reduces the mutation rate during DNA replication.
3. Errors not corrected by proofreading can lead to mutations, which may affect microbial genetics.
4. Proofreading complements other mechanisms like mismatch repair to maintain genomic integrity.
5. Mutations that impair proofreading ability of DNA polymerase can lead to increased susceptibility to genetic diseases.

Related terms

Mutation:

A change in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's DNA that can be passed on to subsequent generations.

Mismatch Repair: A system within the cell for correcting errors introduced during DNA replication.

Exonuclease Activity: An enzymatic function that removes nucleotides from the ends of DNA molecules.