Prokaryotic cells

Definition

Prokaryotic cells are unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. They have simple structures with genetic material found in the nucleoid region.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Prokaryotic cells include bacteria and archaea.
2. They reproduce asexually through binary fission.
3. The cell wall of prokaryotes is often made of peptidoglycan in bacteria.
4. Prokaryotic cells have ribosomes, but they are smaller than those found in eukaryotic cells.
5. Some prokaryotes have external structures such as flagella or pili for movement and attachment.

Review Questions

• What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?
• How do prokaryotic cells reproduce?
• What is the composition of the cell wall in most bacterial prokaryotes?

Related terms

Eukaryotic Cells: Cells that contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Binary Fission:

A method of asexual reproduction in prokaryotes where the cell divides into two genetically identical cells.

Peptidoglycan:

A polymer that forms a protective layer within the bacterial cell wall providing structural strength.