Polysaccharide

Definition

Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates composed of long chains of monosaccharide units bonded together. They play various roles in microbial biochemistry, including energy storage and structural functions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Polysaccharides can be either homopolysaccharides, containing only one type of monosaccharide, or heteropolysaccharides, containing multiple types.
2. Common examples include starch, glycogen, and cellulose.
3. In microorganisms, polysaccharides can serve as a protective capsule that aids in evading the host's immune system.
4. They are synthesized through enzyme-catalyzed processes within microbial cells.
5. Polysaccharides can be broken down by hydrolytic enzymes called glycosidases or amylases.

Review Questions

• What are the two main types of polysaccharides based on their monosaccharide composition?
• Name three common polysaccharides and mention their primary role in microorganisms.
• How do polysaccharides contribute to the pathogenicity of certain microorganisms?

Related terms

Monosaccharide: The simplest form of carbohydrate consisting of a single sugar molecule.

Glycosidic bond: A type of covalent bond that links monosaccharide units in polysaccharides.

Capsule (in microbiology): A polysaccharide layer that surrounds some bacteria and contributes to their virulence.