Polymerase chain reaction

Definition

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a molecular biology technique used to amplify and detect DNA sequences. It allows for the rapid and specific identification of genetic material from various sources, including viruses.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. PCR requires the use of specific primers that flank the DNA region of interest.
2. The process involves repeated cycles of denaturation, annealing, and extension.
3. Taq polymerase is commonly used in PCR due to its heat resistance.
4. PCR can be used to diagnose viral infections by amplifying viral genetic material present in a sample.
5. Real-time PCR (qPCR) enables quantitative measurement of DNA and is often used in diagnostics.

Review Questions

• What are the three main steps involved in a PCR cycle?
• Why is Taq polymerase preferred for PCR?
• How can PCR be utilized to identify viral infections?

Related terms

Primer: A short sequence of nucleotides that provides a starting point for DNA synthesis.

Denaturation:

The process of heating DNA to separate its two strands.

Annealing: The binding of primers to their complementary sequences on the target DNA during PCR.