Poliovirus

Definition

Poliovirus is a highly infectious virus that primarily targets the human nervous system, causing poliomyelitis. It is an RNA virus belonging to the enterovirus genus of the Picornaviridae family.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Poliovirus has three serotypes: PV1, PV2, and PV3, with PV1 being the most common and virulent.
2. The virus enters the body through the mouth and multiplies in the intestine before invading the nervous system.
3. Poliovirus can cause paralysis by destroying motor neurons in the spinal cord.
4. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route but can also happen through contaminated water or food.
5. The Salk (inactivated) and Sabin (live attenuated) vaccines have been instrumental in reducing poliovirus cases worldwide.

Review Questions

• What are the primary modes of transmission for poliovirus?
• Describe how poliovirus affects the human nervous system.
• Name and differentiate between the two types of vaccines used against poliovirus.

Related terms

Enterovirus: A genus of viruses that includes poliovirus, known for infecting the gastrointestinal tract.

Picornaviridae: A family of small RNA viruses that includes polioviruses, rhinoviruses, and more.

Poliomyelitis: The disease caused by poliovirus, characterized by inflammation of motor neurons leading to paralysis.