Pneumolysin

Definition

Pneumolysin is a toxin produced by Streptococcus pneumoniae, contributing to its virulence. It disrupts host cell membranes and can trigger an inflammatory response.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Pneumolysin is a key factor in the pathogenesis of pneumococcal meningitis, which affects the central nervous system.
2. It forms pores in host cell membranes, leading to cell lysis and tissue damage.
3. Pneumolysin can activate the complement system, resulting in an inflammatory response that exacerbates tissue damage in the nervous system.
4. The toxin is released during bacterial autolysis, which occurs when bacteria self-destruct under certain conditions.
5. Antibodies targeting pneumolysin are being explored as potential therapeutic strategies for infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Review Questions

Related terms

Streptococcus pneumoniae:

A Gram-positive bacterium responsible for various infections including pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis.

Complement System:

A part of the immune system that enhances the ability to clear microbes and damaged cells from an organism.

Bacterial Meningitis: An infection of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord caused by various bacteria including Streptococcus pneumoniae.