Plasmid vectors

Definition

Plasmid vectors are small, circular DNA molecules used in genetic engineering to transfer genes into a host organism. They can replicate independently of the chromosomal DNA within bacterial cells.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Plasmid vectors often contain antibiotic resistance genes for selection of transformed cells.
2. They have multiple cloning sites (MCS) that facilitate the insertion of foreign DNA fragments.
3. Plasmids can carry both prokaryotic and eukaryotic promoters to drive gene expression in various hosts.
4. They are used extensively in recombinant DNA technology to produce proteins or study gene function.
5. Plasmid vectors must include an origin of replication (ori) for them to replicate within the host.

Review Questions

• What is the role of plasmid vectors in genetic engineering?
• Why do plasmid vectors often contain antibiotic resistance genes?
• What feature of plasmid vectors allows for the insertion of foreign DNA?

Related terms

Recombinant DNA Technology: A series of techniques used to recombine genetic material from different sources into a single molecule.

Antibiotic Resistance Gene: Genes that confer resistance to antibiotics, often used as markers in plasmid vectors.

Origin of Replication (ori): A sequence where replication is initiated on a plasmid or chromosome.