Penetration

Definition

Penetration is the process by which a virus enters a host cell after attachment. This step is crucial for the viral life cycle as it allows the viral genome to access the host's cellular machinery.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Penetration follows the attachment of the virus to the host cell surface.
2. Different viruses have different mechanisms for penetration, such as endocytosis or fusion with the plasma membrane.
3. Once inside, some viruses uncoat their genetic material to proceed with replication.
4. Penetration is often mediated by specific proteins on both the viral and host surfaces.
5. Inhibiting penetration can be a target for antiviral drugs.

Review Questions

• What are two common mechanisms viruses use for penetration into host cells?
• Why is penetration a critical step in the viral life cycle?
• How can understanding viral penetration aid in developing antiviral therapies?

Related terms

Attachment: The initial binding of a virus to its host cell via specific receptors.

Endocytosis: A process by which cells absorb external material by engulfing it with their cell membrane.

Uncoating: The removal of a viral capsid within the host cell, releasing the viral genome.