Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Definition
A Pap smear is a medical test that collects cells from the cervix to detect cervical cancer and viral infections, such as human papillomavirus (HPV). It involves microscopic examination of the collected cells to identify abnormal changes.
5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test
Pap smears can detect cellular changes caused by HPV, which is an acellular pathogen associated with cervical cancer.
The test is crucial for early detection of precancerous conditions and cervical cancer.
HPV types 16 and 18 are the most common high-risk strains detected through Pap smears.
Pap smears are typically performed during routine gynecological exams and involve scraping cells from the cervix using a speculum.
Follow-up tests, including HPV DNA testing, may be required if abnormal results are found in a Pap smear.
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Related terms
Cervical Cytology: The study of cell samples from the cervix to diagnose diseases.
HPV DNA Testing: A molecular test used to detect high-risk HPV strains responsible for cervical cancer.
Speculum: A medical tool used to widen the vaginal opening for examination purposes during procedures like Pap smears.