A pandemic is an outbreak of a disease that occurs on a global scale, affecting large populations across multiple countries or continents. It typically involves a new infectious agent to which the population has little or no immunity.
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Pandemics can result from viral, bacterial, or other pathogenic infections with high transmission rates.
Historical examples include the 1918 Spanish flu and the COVID-19 pandemic beginning in 2019.
The World Health Organization (WHO) plays a critical role in coordinating international responses to pandemics.
Pandemics often strain healthcare systems and require coordinated public health interventions like vaccination and quarantine measures.
They can have significant socio-economic impacts, including disruptions to travel, trade, and daily life.