Optimum growth temperature

Definition

Optimum growth temperature is the temperature at which a microorganism exhibits its highest growth rate. It is specific to each microbial species and crucial for their survival and reproduction.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Optimum growth temperature varies significantly among different types of microorganisms, such as psychrophiles, mesophiles, and thermophiles.
2. Most pathogenic bacteria that infect humans have an optimum growth temperature close to human body temperature (37°C).
3. Microorganisms grow more slowly at temperatures below or above their optimum growth temperature.
4. The optimum growth temperature can be used to classify microorganisms and predict their habitats.
5. Temperature affects enzyme activity within microorganisms, which in turn influences their metabolic rates.

Review Questions

• What is the relationship between optimum growth temperature and microbial enzyme activity?
• Why do most human pathogens have an optimum growth temperature of approximately 37°C?
• How does knowing the optimum growth temperature help in classifying microorganisms?

Related terms

Psychrophile: A microorganism that grows best at cold temperatures, typically below 15°C.

Mesophile: A microorganism that grows best at moderate temperatures, typically between 20°C and 45°C.

Thermophile: A microorganism that thrives at relatively high temperatures, usually between 45°C and 80°C.