Nitroimidazoles

Definition

Nitroimidazoles are a class of antimicrobial drugs that target anaerobic bacteria and certain protozoa by causing DNA damage through the generation of reactive intermediates. They are often used to treat infections such as bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, and giardiasis.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Nitroimidazoles work by producing toxic free radicals that induce DNA strand breaks in susceptible organisms.
2. Metronidazole is one of the most commonly used nitroimidazoles in clinical practice.
3. These drugs are particularly effective against obligate anaerobes due to their unique mechanism of action.
4. Resistance to nitroimidazoles can occur through mutations that alter drug activation or increase repair of DNA damage.
5. Common side effects include nausea, headache, and a metallic taste in the mouth.

Review Questions

• What is the primary mechanism by which nitroimidazoles exert their antimicrobial effect?
• Name a common clinical use for metronidazole.
• Why are nitroimidazoles particularly effective against anaerobic bacteria?

Related terms

Anaerobic Bacteria: Bacteria that do not require oxygen for growth and are often targeted by nitroimidazoles.

Free Radicals: Highly reactive molecules with unpaired electrons that can cause significant cellular damage.

DNA Strand Breaks: Disruptions in the continuity of DNA strands, leading to cell death or malfunction.