Nitrate reductase

Definition

Nitrate reductase is an enzyme that reduces nitrate (NO3-) to nitrite (NO2-) during the process of anaerobic respiration in certain bacteria. It plays a crucial role in nitrogen metabolism and can be used as a diagnostic marker for bacterial infections.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Nitrate reductase activity is commonly tested in urinary tract infections (UTIs) to identify the presence of nitrate-reducing bacteria.
2. The enzyme is produced by several types of bacteria, including Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species, which are common uropathogens.
3. A positive nitrate reductase test indicates bacterial reduction of nitrate to nitrite, suggesting a bacterial infection.
4. Not all bacteria produce nitrate reductase; therefore, a negative test does not rule out infection.
5. The presence of nitrites in urine can be detected using dipstick tests, which are part of standard UTI diagnostic procedures.

Review Questions

Related terms

Anaerobic Respiration:

A form of respiration that occurs without oxygen, where organisms convert energy through the reduction of nitrates.

Escherichia coli:

A type of bacteria commonly found in the intestines and a frequent cause of urinary tract infections.

Nitrite Test: A diagnostic tool used to detect the presence of nitrites in urine, often indicative of bacterial infection.