Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)

Definition

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are networks of extracellular fibers composed primarily of DNA from neutrophils, which trap and kill pathogens. They play a critical role in the innate immune response by immobilizing and degrading microbes.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. NETs are composed mainly of decondensed chromatin and granule proteins.
2. The formation of NETs is known as NETosis, a distinct form of cell death different from apoptosis and necrosis.
3. NETs can trap a variety of pathogens including bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses.
4. Excessive or dysregulated NET formation can contribute to inflammatory diseases such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.
5. The release of NETs involves reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NADPH oxidase.

Review Questions

• What are the main components that make up neutrophil extracellular traps?
• How does NETosis differ from apoptosis and necrosis?
• In what ways can excessive NET formation be harmful to the body?

Related terms

Neutrophil: A type of white blood cell that plays a key role in the innate immune response.

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS): Chemically reactive molecules containing oxygen, which play a role in cell signaling and homeostasis.

Apoptosis:

A form of programmed cell death important for removing damaged or unnecessary cells.