Neutralization assays

Definition

Neutralization assays are laboratory techniques used to measure the ability of antibodies to neutralize pathogens or their toxins. These assays determine the effectiveness of immune responses against specific antigens by observing inhibition of pathogen activity.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Neutralization assays are crucial for evaluating vaccine efficacy.
2. They can be performed using cell cultures or animal models to test antibody functionality.
3. The reduction in pathogen infectivity or toxin activity is quantified as a measure of neutralization.
4. Common methods include plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT) and microneutralization assays.
5. Results from these assays help in understanding immune protection levels and guiding immunotherapy development.

Review Questions

• What is the primary purpose of a neutralization assay?
• Which common methods are used in performing neutralization assays?
• How do neutralization assays contribute to vaccine development?

Related terms

Antigen-Antibody Complex: A molecular complex formed when an antibody binds to its specific antigen.

Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT): A type of neutralization assay that measures the reduction in viral plaques due to antibody action.

Microneutralization Assay: A sensitive method for measuring the ability of antibodies to inhibit virus replication in cell cultures.