Neurotoxicity

Definition

Neurotoxicity is the occurrence of adverse effects on the nervous system due to exposure to toxic substances, including certain antimicrobial drugs. It can result in symptoms such as seizures, cognitive deficits, and sensory disturbances.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Neurotoxicity can be a side effect of specific antibiotics like aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones.
2. Symptoms often include dizziness, headaches, and neuropathy.
3. The blood-brain barrier's permeability influences susceptibility to neurotoxic effects.
4. Monitoring drug levels can help mitigate neurotoxic risks in patients undergoing antimicrobial therapy.
5. Patients with pre-existing neurological conditions are at higher risk for developing neurotoxicity.

Review Questions

• What are common symptoms associated with neurotoxicity induced by antimicrobial drugs?
• Which class of antibiotics is known to have a higher risk of causing neurotoxicity?
• How does the blood-brain barrier impact the likelihood of experiencing neurotoxic effects?

Related terms

Antibiotic Resistance:

The ability of bacteria to withstand the effects of an antibiotic that would normally kill them or inhibit their growth.

Blood-Brain Barrier:

A selective permeability barrier that separates circulating blood from the brain's extracellular fluid in the central nervous system.

Adverse Drug Reaction: An injury caused by taking medication, which can include side effects like allergies or toxicities.