Neonatal herpes

Definition

Neonatal herpes is a severe viral infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV) that affects newborns, typically acquired during childbirth. It can lead to serious complications such as encephalitis, disseminated disease, and high mortality rates if not treated promptly.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Neonatal herpes is primarily transmitted from an infected mother to her infant during vaginal delivery.
2. There are three types of neonatal herpes infections: skin, eye, and mouth (SEM) disease; central nervous system (CNS) disease; and disseminated disease.
3. Initial symptoms may include lethargy, irritability, fever, and poor feeding in the newborn.
4. Antiviral treatment with acyclovir significantly improves outcomes if initiated early.
5. Preventive measures include screening pregnant women for HSV and considering a cesarean section if active genital lesions are present.

Review Questions

• What are the primary modes of transmission for neonatal herpes?
• Describe the three types of neonatal herpes infections and their symptoms.
• How does antiviral treatment impact the prognosis of neonatal herpes?

Related terms

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV): A virus causing infections characterized by sores on the mouth or genitals.

Encephalitis: Inflammation of the brain often caused by viral infections.

Acyclovir: An antiviral medication used to treat herpes simplex virus infections.