Nalidixic acid

Definition

Nalidixic acid is a synthetic antibacterial agent primarily used to treat urinary tract infections. It belongs to the quinolone class of antibiotics and inhibits bacterial DNA replication.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Nalidixic acid targets bacterial DNA gyrase, an enzyme crucial for DNA replication.
2. It was the first quinolone antibiotic, discovered in the early 1960s.
3. Nalidixic acid is effective mainly against Gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli.
4. Resistance to nalidixic acid can develop through mutations in the genes encoding DNA gyrase or increased efflux pump activity.
5. Common side effects include gastrointestinal discomfort and potential CNS effects like dizziness or seizures.

Review Questions

Related terms

Quinolone: A class of synthetic antibacterial agents that inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis.

DNA Gyrase:

An enzyme that introduces negative supercoils into DNA, essential for replication.

Gram-Negative Bacteria: Bacteria characterized by a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides.