Mycolic acid

Definition

Mycolic acid is a long-chain fatty acid found in the cell walls of certain bacteria, notably Mycobacterium species. It contributes to the pathogenicity and resistance of these bacteria to chemical damage and dehydration.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Mycolic acids are essential components of the mycobacterial cell wall, contributing to its waxy, hydrophobic nature.
2. They play a crucial role in the virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by providing resistance to host immune responses.
3. Mycolic acids make mycobacteria resistant to many antibiotics and disinfectants.
4. The presence of mycolic acid is detected using the acid-fast staining technique, which is key for diagnosing diseases like tuberculosis.
5. They contribute to the slow growth rate of mycobacteria due to their complex synthesis process.

Review Questions

• What role do mycolic acids play in the pathogenicity of Mycobacterium species?
• How does mycolic acid contribute to antibiotic resistance in mycobacteria?
• Which staining technique is used to identify bacteria that contain mycolic acid?

Related terms

Acid-Fast Staining: A laboratory technique used to detect mycolic acid in bacterial cell walls.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A bacterial species known for causing tuberculosis, characterized by its waxy cell wall containing mycolic acid.

Virulence Factor: Molecules produced by pathogens that contribute to their ability to cause disease.