Multiple sclerosis

Definition

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the myelin sheath of nerve fibers in the central nervous system. This results in disrupted communication between the brain and the rest of the body, leading to various neurological symptoms.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. MS involves demyelination, which is the destruction of myelin sheaths around nerve fibers.
2. The exact cause of MS is unknown, but it involves both genetic and environmental factors.
3. Common symptoms include fatigue, motor dysfunction, sensory disturbances, and cognitive impairments.
4. MS can be diagnosed through MRI scans, lumbar punctures, and evoked potential tests.
5. There is no cure for MS; however, treatments like immunomodulatory therapies can help manage symptoms and slow disease progression.

Review Questions

• What role does the immune system play in multiple sclerosis?
• What are common diagnostic methods used to identify multiple sclerosis?
• List three common symptoms experienced by individuals with multiple sclerosis.

Related terms

Autoimmune Disorder: A condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues.

Myelin Sheath: The protective covering that surrounds nerve fibers in the central nervous system.

Demyelination: The process of losing or damaging the myelin sheath surrounding nerve fibers.