Mouth

Definition

The mouth is the initial part of the digestive system where mechanical and chemical digestion begins. It houses various structures like teeth, tongue, and salivary glands that aid in breaking down food.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The mouth hosts a diverse microbiota, including bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans which play a role in oral health and disease.
2. Saliva contains enzymes like amylase that start carbohydrate digestion in the mouth.
3. The oral cavity acts as a barrier to pathogens but can also be a portal of entry for infections.
4. Dental caries (cavities) are one of the most common infections originating from microbial activity in the mouth.
5. Periodontal disease is caused by specific bacteria in dental plaque that lead to inflammation and destruction of supporting structures of teeth.

Review Questions

• What role does saliva play in the digestive process initiated in the mouth?
• Which bacteria are commonly found in the mouth and contribute to dental caries?
• How can periodontal disease affect overall health?

Related terms

Salivary Glands: Glands located around the mouth that produce saliva containing digestive enzymes.

Dental Plaque:

A biofilm or mass of bacteria that grows on surfaces within the mouth.

Streptococcus mutans:

A type of bacteria primarily responsible for tooth decay.