Monosaccharides

Definition

Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of a single sugar molecule. They serve as the basic building blocks for more complex carbohydrates.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Monosaccharides have the general chemical formula (CH2O)n.
2. Glucose, fructose, and galactose are common examples of monosaccharides.
3. They play a crucial role in energy metabolism within microbial cells.
4. Monosaccharides can be classified based on the number of carbon atoms they contain, such as trioses (3 carbons), pentoses (5 carbons), and hexoses (6 carbons).
5. In microorganisms, monosaccharides can be derived from both autotrophic and heterotrophic sources.

Review Questions

• What is the general chemical formula for monosaccharides?
• Name three common examples of monosaccharides.
• How are monosaccharides classified based on their carbon atom content?

Related terms

Disaccharides:

Carbohydrates formed by the linkage of two monosaccharide molecules.

Polysaccharides:

Complex carbohydrates composed of long chains of monosaccharide units linked together.

Glycolysis:

The metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, generating ATP in the process.