Mitochondrial matrix

Definition

The mitochondrial matrix is the innermost compartment of the mitochondrion, enclosed by the inner mitochondrial membrane. It contains enzymes, mitochondrial DNA, and ribosomes essential for cellular respiration and energy production.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The mitochondrial matrix plays a critical role in the Krebs cycle (Citric Acid Cycle), where energy production occurs.
2. It houses its own circular DNA and ribosomes, enabling some level of protein synthesis independent of the cell's nuclear DNA.
3. Enzymes within the matrix facilitate oxidative phosphorylation, a key process in ATP generation.
4. The pH within the mitochondrial matrix is higher compared to the intermembrane space due to proton pumping during electron transport.
5. Mutations or defects in mitochondrial matrix components can lead to metabolic disorders and are linked to various diseases.

Review Questions

• What role does the mitochondrial matrix play in cellular respiration?
• Why does the mitochondrial matrix contain its own DNA and ribosomes?
• How does the pH difference between the mitochondrial matrix and intermembrane space affect its function?

Related terms

Mitochondrial Membrane: A double-layered structure that encloses the mitochondrion, consisting of an outer membrane and a highly folded inner membrane.

Krebs Cycle: A series of enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions that form a key part of aerobic respiration in cells.

Oxidative Phosphorylation: A metabolic pathway occurring in mitochondria that uses energy released by oxidation of nutrients to produce ATP.