Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Definition

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis. mRNA sequences are transcribed from DNA and translated into amino acid sequences.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus during transcription.
2. Each mRNA molecule corresponds to a specific gene and encodes a specific protein.
3. The process of translating mRNA into protein occurs in the cytoplasm at ribosomes.
4. mRNA contains codons, which are sequences of three nucleotides that specify particular amino acids.
5. The stability and lifespan of mRNA molecules can influence gene expression levels.

Review Questions

• What role does mRNA play in protein synthesis?
• In what cellular location is mRNA synthesized?
• How do codons on mRNA affect the resulting protein?

Related terms

Ribosome:

The cellular structure where proteins are synthesized, consisting of rRNA and proteins.

Transcription:

The process by which genetic information from DNA is copied into mRNA.

Codon:

A sequence of three nucleotides on an mRNA molecule that specifies an amino acid or a stop signal during translation.