Membrane-disrupting toxin

Definition

Membrane-disrupting toxins are a type of bacterial toxin that cause damage to host cell membranes, leading to cell lysis and death. These toxins are used by pathogens as a virulence factor to evade the immune system and facilitate infection.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Membrane-disrupting toxins can form pores in the cell membrane or disrupt the phospholipid bilayer.
2. Examples include hemolysins, leukocidins, and phospholipases.
3. These toxins often destroy red blood cells (hemolysis) or white blood cells (leukotoxicity).
4. They aid in the spread of bacteria by breaking down tissues and cells at the infection site.
5. Host responses to these toxins can include inflammation and tissue damage.

Review Questions

• What are two primary mechanisms by which membrane-disrupting toxins damage host cells?
• Name three types of membrane-disrupting toxins.
• How do membrane-disrupting toxins contribute to bacterial virulence?

Related terms

Exotoxin: A toxin released by bacteria into its surroundings that causes harm to the host.

Hemolysin: A type of membrane-disrupting toxin that specifically targets red blood cells.

Virulence Factor: Any characteristic or component of a pathogen that enhances its ability to cause disease.