Malnutrition

Definition

Malnutrition is a condition resulting from an imbalanced intake of nutrients, either through deficiency or excess. It can severely impact the immune system's functionality and lead to immunodeficiency.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Malnutrition can weaken the immune system by reducing the production and function of immune cells.
2. Deficiencies in essential nutrients like vitamins A, C, D, and zinc are particularly detrimental to immune health.
3. Protein-energy malnutrition can lead to thymic atrophy, decreasing T-cell production and weakening adaptive immunity.
4. Chronic malnutrition is associated with increased susceptibility to infections due to impaired barrier protection and immune responses.
5. Nutritional rehabilitation can partially restore immune function but may not fully reverse long-term damage caused by severe malnutrition.

Review Questions

• How does protein-energy malnutrition affect the thymus and T-cell production?
• Which specific nutrient deficiencies are most harmful to the immune system?
• Can nutritional rehabilitation fully restore immune function after chronic malnutrition?

Related terms

Immunodeficiency: A state where the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease is compromised or entirely absent.

Micronutrient Deficiency: A lack of essential vitamins and minerals in the diet that leads to various health issues including weakened immunity.

Thymic Atrophy: The shrinkage of the thymus gland, often due to malnutrition or aging, leading to reduced T-cell production.