Macronutrient

Definition

Macronutrients are essential chemical compounds required in large amounts by microorganisms for growth, energy, and cellular functions. They include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Macronutrients provide the primary sources of energy and structural components for microbial cells.
2. Carbohydrates serve as a key energy source and are involved in cell wall structure.
3. Proteins function as enzymes, structural proteins, and signaling molecules in microbial cells.
4. Lipids form membranes that compartmentalize cellular processes and store energy.
5. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are crucial for genetic information storage, transmission, and protein synthesis.

Review Questions

• What roles do macronutrients play in the growth and functioning of microbial cells?
• How do carbohydrates contribute to the structure and energy needs of microbes?
• Why are proteins considered vital macronutrients in microbial biochemistry?

Related terms

Micronutrient: Essential elements required in smaller amounts for enzyme function and other cellular processes.

Enzyme: Proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions within microbial cells.

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate): The primary energy carrier molecule used in various biological processes within microbes.