Macrolides

Definition

Macrolides are a class of antibiotics that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. They are often used to treat respiratory and digestive system infections caused by susceptible bacteria.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Macrolides include drugs like erythromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin.
2. They are primarily effective against Gram-positive bacteria and some Gram-negative bacteria.
3. Macrolides are commonly used to treat respiratory tract infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis.
4. Resistance to macrolides can occur through target site modification, efflux pump mechanisms, or enzymatic degradation.
5. Common side effects of macrolides include gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea and diarrhea.

Review Questions

Related terms

Erythromycin:

A type of macrolide antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections.

50S Ribosomal Subunit:

The component of the bacterial ribosome targeted by macrolides to inhibit protein synthesis.

Efflux Pump Mechanism: A resistance mechanism where bacteria expel antibiotics out of their cells, reducing drug effectiveness.