Leptospirosis

Definition

Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection caused by Leptospira species, primarily affecting the kidneys and urinary system. It is commonly transmitted through contact with water contaminated by the urine of infected animals.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Leptospirosis can lead to severe kidney damage and even renal failure if left untreated.
2. Humans typically contract leptospirosis through direct contact with contaminated water or soil.
3. Symptoms of leptospirosis include high fever, headache, muscle aches, jaundice, and vomiting.
4. The disease is diagnosed through serological tests such as the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT).
5. Antibiotics like doxycycline or penicillin are commonly used to treat leptospirosis.

Review Questions

• What are the primary modes of transmission for leptospirosis?
• Which organ systems are most affected by leptospirosis?
• What diagnostic tests are used to confirm a case of leptospirosis?

Related terms

Leptospira: A genus of spirochete bacteria that includes pathogenic species causing leptospirosis.

Renal Failure: A medical condition where the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste from the blood effectively.

Serological Tests: Diagnostic examinations that measure antibodies in the blood to identify infections.