key term - Lancefield groups

Definition

Lancefield groups are a classification system for streptococci based on the carbohydrate composition of their cell wall antigens. Developed by Rebecca Lancefield, these groups help in identifying and differentiating pathogenic streptococci.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Lancefield grouping classifies streptococci into groups A through T.
2. Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a significant human pathogen causing diseases like strep throat and impetigo.
3. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is known for causing neonatal infections, such as sepsis and meningitis.
4. The classification relies on serological methods to detect specific carbohydrate antigens on the bacterial cell wall.
5. Rebecca Lancefield's work in the 1930s led to the development of this system, which remains fundamental in microbiology.

Review Questions

Related terms

Streptococcus:

A genus of Gram-positive bacteria commonly found in the human respiratory tract and skin.

Serotyping: A method used to identify bacteria based on their cell surface antigens.

Pathogenicity:

The ability of an organism to cause disease.