key term - Kinases

Definition

Kinases are enzymes that catalyze the transfer of phosphate groups from high-energy donor molecules, such as ATP, to specific substrates. This process is critical for regulating various cellular activities, including signal transduction and cell cycle control.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Kinases play a pivotal role in the regulation of bacterial and viral virulence factors by modifying proteins involved in pathogenicity.
2. Phosphorylation by kinases can activate or deactivate enzymes, influencing a pathogen's ability to infect host cells.
3. Certain bacterial kinases are essential for the secretion of toxins that contribute to disease symptoms.
4. Viral kinases often hijack host cellular machinery to enhance viral replication and suppress host immune responses.
5. Inhibitors targeting specific microbial kinases are being investigated as potential therapeutic strategies against infections.

Review Questions

Related terms

Phosphatase: An enzyme that removes phosphate groups from proteins, counteracting the action of kinases.

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate):

A high-energy molecule used by cells as a coenzyme in various biochemical reactions including phosphorylation.

Signal Transduction: The process by which a cell converts an external signal into a functional response, often involving kinase activity.