Isoprene chains

Definition

Isoprene chains are repeating units of the hydrocarbon isoprene that form the basis of certain biological molecules, especially in the membranes of Archaea. These chains provide stability and flexibility to the lipid bilayers under extreme conditions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Isoprene chains are a key component of archaeal lipids, differentiating them from bacterial and eukaryotic membranes.
2. These chains can be covalently bonded to glycerol through ether linkages, making them more stable than ester linkages found in bacteria and eukaryotes.
3. The unique structure of isoprene chains helps Archaea survive in extreme environments such as high temperatures and high salinity.
4. Archaeal membranes can contain either bilayer or monolayer structures formed by isoprene chains.
5. Isoprene chains contribute to the ability of Archaea to maintain membrane integrity under acidic or alkaline conditions.

Review Questions

Related terms

Ether Linkage: A type of chemical bond where an oxygen atom connects two alkyl or aryl groups, common in archaeal lipids.

Lipid Monolayer:

A single layer of lipids with hydrophobic tails facing inward, often found in extremophilic Archaea.

Glycerol:

A simple polyol compound that forms the backbone for many types of lipids, including those with isoprene chains.