Interferon

Definition

Interferons are proteins produced by host cells in response to the presence of pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites. They play a critical role in the immune response by interfering with viral replication within host cells.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. There are three main types of interferons: Type I (alpha and beta), Type II (gamma), and Type III (lambda).
2. Interferons activate immune cells, such as natural killer cells and macrophages, enhancing their ability to eliminate pathogens.
3. They increase the antigen presentation to lymphocytes, helping the adaptive immune system recognize infected cells.
4. Interferons are used therapeutically to treat various viral infections and certain types of cancer.
5. The production of interferons can be triggered by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).

Review Questions

• What are the primary functions of interferons in the immune response?
• Name the three main types of interferons and provide an example for each.
• How do interferons contribute to both innate and adaptive immunity?

Related terms

Natural Killer Cells:

A type of lymphocyte that plays a role in the destruction of infected or cancerous cells.

Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs): Proteins on or in cells that recognize specific components of pathogens.

Antigen Presentation:

The process by which immune cells display antigens on their surface to T-cells.